![]() ![]() 5 The purpose of our review article is to gain a better understanding of the physiological effects of caffeine and its association with headache, whether as a trigger factor for medication overuse headache or as a substance exacerbating primary headache. 4 The International Headache Society does not list caffeine among substances potentially causing analgesic-overuse headache but rather as a substance that may cause headache when regular consumption over 200 mg/day for more than 2 weeks is discontinued abruptly. Caffeine may also cause physical dependence which may manifest as withdrawal syndrome. In the long-term, however, excessive caffeine consumption may increase the risk of medication overuse headache and lead to chronification of some primary headaches. ![]() 3Īt high doses, caffeine has an antinoceptive effect and acts as an adjuvant to other analgesics. 2 Excessive caffeine consumption causes acute and long-term biological and physiological changes deriving in cognitive deficits, depression, fatigue, insomnia, cardiovascular problems, and headache, among others. In the USA, however, nearly 30% of the population consumes over 500 mg/day, and this tendency is most frequently seen among people aged 35 to 64. 1 Caffeine intake in healthy adults is not recommended to exceed 400-450 mg/day. In the USA, over 87% of the population consumes some amount of caffeine every day. Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychostimulant drug.
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